Book excerpt: "This book discusses the use of machine vision and technologies in specific engineering case studies and focuses on how machine vision techniques are impacting every step of industrial processes and how smart sensors and cognitive big data analytics are supporting the automation processes in Industry 4.0 applications. Industry 4.0, the fourth industrial revolution, combines traditional manufacturing with automation and data exchange. Machine vision is used in industry for reliable product inspections, quality control, and data capture solutions. It combines different technologies to provide important information from the acquisition and analysis of images for robot-based inspection and guidance"--