Book excerpt: Citizenship can be defined simply as being a member of political institutions. Citizenship, the first evidence of which is encountered in ancient Greek city-states in history, is found in the Roman state constitutionally for the first time. National citizenship, which became more important with the importance of nation-states, was supported by the concept of human rights after the French Revolution. Events and phenomena such as Reform, Industrialization, Democracy, Globalization, Digitalization, International Trade and Migration have given different dimensions to the concept of citizenship. Today, all states have determined the rights and duties of individuals as their citizens in their constitutions and convey the rights and responsibilities of citizenship to the students in school education. Societies with good citizens who know their rights and responsibilities are thought to develop and advance more in any area.