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Between 1095 and 1229, Western Europe confronted a series of alternative cultural possibilities that would fundamentally transform its social structures, its in

Medievalists explore geographical regions and themes to expose the best current thinking about what was and what was not distinctive about the twelfth century.

The 'long twelfth century' (1075–1225) was an era of seminal importance in the development of the book in medieval Europe and marked a high point in its const

Medieval civilization came of age in thunderous events like the Norman Conquest and the First Crusade. Power fell into the hands of men who imposed coercive new

This comprehensive survey of the history of the Church in Western Europe, as institution and spiritual body.