Book excerpt: The over 7,000 public servants comprising the career Senior Executive Service (SES) are critical to the functioning of the federal government. Established as a government-wide executive corps by the Civil Service Reform Act of 1978, the SES is at a critical juncture in its history. They are called on to lead the unbelievably complex organizations and programs that deliver public goods and services. They manage a federal budget that exceeds $3.5 trillion annually, and millions of people in and out of uniform--and in and out of government--depend on them for direction and leadership. This book published by the National Academy of Public Administration, Building a 21st Century SES: Ensuring Leadership Excellence in Our Federal Government, brings together the practical perspectives of leaders with substantial experience with the SES. The commentators address such issues as the proper institutional role of SES, the most critical leadership qualities for the 21st Century, the development of the next generation of career leaders, and opportunities to revitalize the SES for future decades.