Book excerpt: The global shift from the direct holding of securities by investors to the current intermediated holding system raises many important legal issues. These include the impact of the intermediated holding system on the rights of investors, and the enforcement of those rights against intermediaries and issuers. The cross-border nature of many holding patterns adds another layer of complexity to these issues, and reduces legal certainty. Against this, intermediation offers benefits for many investors, including the ability to hold a cross-border portfolio with one intermediary, a reduction in costs and the facilitation of the use of securities in the collateral, repo, and securities lending markets. This book covers a number of legal topics relating to intermediated securities including the history of intermediation, the benefits and problems in the current intermediated holding system, and how future legal and technological developments could help to resolve these problems while retaining the benefits of intermediation. It also examines the possible impact of FinTech on this area, in particular the potential for Blockchain to be used in the issuing, holding and settlement of securities, the extent to which this will solve some of the difficulties that currently exist, and whether the use of Blockchain will create new difficulties that will need to be overcome. This book, which originated in a series of workshops organised by the Commercial Law Centre at Harris Manchester College, Oxford, will appeal to those interested in financial and corporate law, including academics, practitioners, policy makers and students.