Book excerpt: By the end of the twentieth century, over half of the world's population will be urban. The urban future will in large measure determine the world future. In the next two decades the world will undergo, as a result of the urbanization process, the most radical changes that it has ever experienced in social, economic, and political life. Historically, the city has often been the place where civilization has blossomed. One of the dominant characteristics of the late twentieth century, however, is the inability of cities to cope with economic, social, and environmental problems. Population and the Urban Future contributes to a better understanding of the problems and needs of population in the urban future. This study grew out of an International Conference on Population and the Urban Future, sponsored by the United Nations Fund for Population Activities (UNFPA), which took place in Rome, Italy, from 1 to 4 September 1980.