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The universality of contradiction and connection of things in nature implies that a thing is nothing else but a labeled topological graph GL with a labeling map

This book depicts graph labelings that have led to thought-provoking problems and conjectures. Problems and conjectures in graceful labelings, harmonious labeli

Aimed toward upper undergraduate and graduate students in mathematics, this book examines the foremost forms of graph labelings including magic, harmonious, and

A thing is complex, and hybrid with other things sometimes. Then, what is the reality of a thing? The reality of a thing is its state of existed, exists, or wil

Graph theory has applications in many areas of the computing, social and natural science. The theory is also intimately related to many branches of mathematics,