Book excerpt: In this issue, Demographic Observatory presents estimates and projections of the population of the 20 countries of Latin America, for the period 1950-2100. The figures contained in this publication are a revision of those presented in the Demographic Observatory No. 7 April 2009. This time, the projections are presented for a longer period (up to 2100 instead of 2050) and were prepared by CELADE-Population Division of ECLAC. The methodological notes of this Observatory, along with a brief description of the methodology used for the estimates and projections presented here, provide an account of country data sources considered. As usual, it includes a chapter that discusses the estimated and projected population trends. This time we examine the consequences, in population size and age structure in the long term that reaches a fertility rate below replacement level and a steady decline in mortality.