Book excerpt: Dune Nature Reserve (NDNR), Israel. Increases in dune fixation over the last 60 years may be negatively impacting these species. The Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER)project in NDNR has been monitoring biodiversity across four major taxonomic groups (plants, arthropods, reptiles and rodents) for the past 12 years, in dunes of various fixation states, making it possible to examine the biodiversity trends in response to shrub encroachment across multiple taxa. Shrub encroachment has been documented over the past few decades in the reserve, reducing the prevalence of mobile dunes in the reserve(Levin & Ben-Dor 2004). In response to growing concerns of the consequences of dune fixation on biodiversity, Nizzanim LTER implemented two vegetation removal experiments, and concurrently have been monitoring off-road vehicle disturbance. This has provided an excellent opportunity to investigate the effect of disturbance on temporal dune biodiversity dynamics as a potential restoration tool.