Book excerpt: Raphael's artworks, paintings, altarpieces, drawings, tapestries, cartoons, prints, ceramics and all other artifacts derived from his works, including copies and forgeries, have been the object of an often-frantic search from his death in 1520 onwards. France, Spain, Germany, England, and Italy were the main destinations for such artworks between the 16th and the 18th centuries, while the market spread overseas from the 19th century onwards. This book is the first full exploration of this phenomenon and of the mechanisms of transmission of Raphael's artifax through inheritance, sales, swaps and shady transactions. It includes essays in English, French and Italian by some of the most knowledgeable scholars on Raphael, museum curators and experts in the history of collecting, and is a landmark in scholarship on Raphael and art collecting.