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With Hobbes and Locke, Spinoza is arguably one of the most important political philosophers of the modern era, a premier theoretician of democracy and mass poli

Spinoza's Theologico-Political Treatise is simultaneously a work of philosophy and a piece of practical politics. It defends religious pluralism, a republican f

There have been many Spinozas over the centuries: atheist, romantic pantheist, great thinker of the multitude, advocate of the liberated individual, and rigorou

Baruch Spinoza is one of the most influential and controversial political philosophers of the early modern period. Though best-known for his contributions to me

A comprehensive and novel interpretation of Spinoza's political writings that reveals the significance of the affects for political life.