Book excerpt: Abundance and occupied range of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) in Kansas have been declining for 20 years. The two predominant hypotheses for the reduction of mule deer and concurrent expansion of white-tailed deer (O. virginianus) are changes in land use and competitive dominance of white-tailed deer over mule deer. Despite the popularity and income that stem from hunting revenue, there have been no recent studies that provide critical insight on how to improve management and conservation of sympatric populations of either deer species in Kansas. My objectives were to (1) test for differences in annual and weekly survival rates between species, identify temporal mortality patterns, and assess influences of hunting and rut on survival; and (2) examine movement patterns, space use, and population-level resource selection by adult male mule deer and white-tailed deer in western Kansas during three time periods (annually, rut, and 12-day firearm season). I deployed GPS-collared 60 (30 mule; 30 white-tailed deer), 25 (12 mule; 13 white-tailed deer), and 26 (13 mule; 13 white-tailed deer) male mule deer and white-tailed deer at two different study sites (north and south) located in western Kansas in 2018, 2019, and 2020, respectively, maintaining a sample size of 60 at the start of each study year. Each deer was fitted with a high resolution GPS/VHF collar that recorded bi-hourly locations and used an activity sensor to identify mortality events. I assigned each deer to an age class (