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Using and Not Using the Past after the Carolingian Empire offers a new take on European history from c.900 to c.1050, examining the ‘post-Carolingian’ perio

By the early ninth century, the responsibility for a series of social, religious and political reforms had become an integral part of running the Carolingian em

Through his foreign conquests & internal reforms, Charlemagne is a defining figure of both Western Europe & the Middle Ages. Crowned king of the Franks in 768,

A comprehensive and accessible survey of the great Carolingian empire, which dominated western Europe in the eighth and ninth centuries.

What did it mean to be a Frankish nobleman in an age of reform? How could Carolingian lay nobles maintain their masculinity and their social position, while adh