Book excerpt: Now in its Fourth Edition, this Spiral® Manual presents clinical information and protocols in outline format for evaluation and treatment of most endocrine disorders in children, adolescents, and adults. This thoroughly updated edition includes an introduction to risk assessment and screening and results of recent clinical trials and their implications for treatment and prevention. Also included are summaries of recent guidelines from the Endocrine Society and the American Academy of Clinical Endocrinology for prevention and management of many endocrine disorders including diabetes, growth hormone deficiency, dysmetabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, and obesity. New chapters focus on comorbidities of Type II diabetes mellitus in children and use of growth hormone in adults.