Book excerpt: Statistics plays an important role in pharmacology and related subjects such as toxicology and drug discovery and development. Improper statistical tool selection for analyzing the data obtained from studies may result in wrongful interpretation of the performance or safety of drugs. This book communicates statistical tools in simple language. The examples used are similar to those that scientists encounter regularly in their research area. The authors provide cognitive clues for selection of appropriate tools to analyze the data obtained from the studies and explain how to interpret the result of the statistical analysis.