Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 9th Ibero-American Conference on Artificial Intelligence, IBERAMIA 2004, held in Puebla, Mexico in November 2004. The 97 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 304 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on distributed AI and multi-agent systems, knowledge engineering and case-based reasoning, planning and scheduling, machine learning and knowledge acquisition, natural language processing, knowledge representation and reasoning, knowledge discovery and data mining, robotics, computer vision, uncertainty and fuzzy systems, genetic algorithms and neural networks, AI in education, and miscellaneous topics.