Book excerpt: Diet is a major factor in health and disease. Controlled, long-term studies in humans are impractical, and investigators have utilized long-term epidemiological investigations to study the contributions of diet to the human condition. Such studies, while valuable, have often been limited by contradictory findings; a limitation secondary to systematic errors in traditional self-reported dietary assessment tools that limit the percentage of variances in diseases explained by diet. New approaches are available to help overcome these limitations, and Advances in the Assessment of Dietary Intake is focused on these advances in an effort to provide more accurate dietary data to understand human health. Chapters cover the benefits and limitations of traditional self-report tools; strategies for improving the validity of dietary recall and food recording methods; objective methods to assess food and nutrient intake; assessment of timing and meal patterns using glucose sensors; and physical activity patterns using validated accelerometers. Advances in the Assessment of Dietary Intake describes new avenues to investigate the role of diet in human health and serves as the most up-to-date reference and teaching tool for these methods that will improve the accuracy of dietary assessment and lay the ground work for future studies.