Book excerpt: The merging of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Internet-of-Things is known as Artificial Intelligence-of-Things (AIoT). IoT consists of interlinked computing devices and machines which can acquire, transfer, and execute field/industrial operations without human involvement, while AI processes the acquired data and helps extract the required information. The technologies work in synergy: AI enriches IoT through machine learning and deep learning-based data analysis and learning capabilities, whereas IoT enriches AI through data acquisition, connectivity, and data exchange. Precision agriculture is becoming critically important for sustainable food production to meet the growing food demand. In recent decades, AI and IoT techniques have played an increasing role within industrial operations (e.g. autonomous manufacturing, automated supply chain management, predictive maintenance, smart energy grids, smart home appliances, and wearables), however, agricultural field operations are still heavily dependent on human labor. This is because these operations are ill-defined, unstructured, and susceptible to variation in natural conditions (e.g. illumination, landscape, atmosphere) plus the biological nature of crops (fruits, stems, leaves, and/or shoots continuously change their shape and/or color as they grow).