Book excerpt: An “engaging and informative” history of one of capitalism’s longest-running tensions—the high-stakes battles between management and shareholders (The New Yorker). Recent disputes between shareholders and major corporations, including Apple and DuPont, have made headlines. But the struggle between management and those who own stock has been going on for nearly a century. Mixing never-before-published and rare, original letters from Wall Street icons—including Benjamin Graham, Warren Buffett, Ross Perot, Carl Icahn, and Daniel Loeb—with masterful scholarship and professional insight, Dear Chairman traces the rise in shareholder activism from the 1920s to today, and provides an invaluable and unprecedented perspective on what it means to be a public company, including how they work and who is really in control. Jeff Gramm analyzes different eras and pivotal boardroom battles, using the letters to show how investors interact with directors and managers, how they think about their target companies, and how they plan to profit. Each is a fascinating example of capitalism at work told through the voices of its most colorful, influential participants. A hedge fund manager and adjunct professor at Columbia Business School, Gramm has seen public companies that are poorly run, and some that willfully disenfranchise their shareholders. While he pays tribute to the ingenuity of public company investors, Gramm also exposes examples of shareholder activism at its very worst, when hedge funds engineer stealthy land-grabs at the expense of a company’s long-term prospects. Ultimately, he provides a thorough, much-needed understanding of the public company/shareholder relationship for investors, managers, and everyone concerned with the future of capitalism. “An illuminating read for those wondering what drives activists.” —The Wall Street Journal “An excellent read . . . Gramm has collected a series of deliciously rich letters, many of which were never before published.” —The New York Times “The story of the rise of shareholder activism has never been told as compellingly . . . a book that dissects the dramatic deals and brings to life the unbelievable characters of the past hundred years.” —Arthur Levitt, former chairman, US Securities and Exchange Commission