Book excerpt: The focus of this research is to evaluate the relationship between advanced high school science courses and college outcomes, with a focus on the benefit of Advanced Placement Programʼ (APʼ) participation and performance in comparison to other high school options (e.g., dual enrollment, honors, and regular science high school courses). Although there is a plethora of previous research comparing achievement-related outcomes of AP participation with other levels of high school course participation (e.g., honors course participation, dual enrollment), there has yet to be a study that compares achievement-related outcomes of AP, honors, dual enrollment, and regular science courses when using a rigorous statistical model. Multilevel modeling was employed to account for the nested structure of the data (i.e., students nested within colleges), and several student-level and college-level covariates were included in the model to provide a stringent test of these relationships. Overall, results suggest that higher performance in advanced science course work (e.g., AP) in high school is related to higher first-year GPA and higher first-year science GPA; as such, teachers should encourage students to participate in advanced high school science course work when planning their curriculum for science learning.