Book excerpt: The Arctic Council endorsed the latest version of the Arctic Offshore Oil and Gas Guidelines (AOOGG) in April 2009. The AOOGG were prepared by the Protection of the Marine Environment Working Group (PAME) and are intended to define a set of recommended practices and outline strategic actions for consideration by those responsible for regulation of offshore oil and gas activities in the Arctic. As active participants in the Arctic Council, the United States and Canada have the potential to demonstrate model practices for offshore oil and gas development in their neighboring offshore areas of the Western Arctic Ocean, especially as each country reviews its procedures in light of the fatal April 2010 Deepwater Horizon blowout and explosion in the Gulf of Mexico. This paper outlines national laws and regulations existing at the time of the accident to suggest how both countries, as they revisit their procedures, can use the Arctic Council guidelines to more effectively regulate Environmental Monitoring in offshore oil and gas development in the Western Arctic.