Book excerpt: This new volume in the book series New Concepts in Polymer Science focuses on the problem of creating materials with reduced combustibility as well as the use of polymeric materials for protection from fire or overheating. The majority of polymeric materials are combustible, which has led to the development of polymers, and materials based on these, with reduced combustibility. However the combustibility degree or their ability to protect from fire or high temperature can be indicated only in particular cases of combustion. In this volume the results of the development of physicochemical bases for creating organic polymeric materials with reduced combustibility, which are capable of protecting against high temperatures are discussed. A presentation of chlorinated polyolefins as organic polymers with reduced combustibility is also given.