Book excerpt: Forest and farm producers’ livelihoods are threatened by a complex risk context, where environmental change is accelerating (climate change, degradation of natural resources) and chronic and episodic stressors and disturbances (poverty, pests, economic shocks) are occurring outside of the range of past experience. Forest and farm producers’ livelihood systems are characterized by small-scale farms and woodlots, direct dependence on natural resources, and smallholder value chains extending over larger landscapes. Building the resilience of these systems and their functions requires i) improving the short- and long-term viability of livelihoods through sustainability, efficiency, and profitability in production and along the value chain; ii) increasing preparedness and the capacity to act in the face of climate change and other stressors and shocks; and iii) stewarding farm ecosystems and aiming for ecological co-benefits in all actions. In addition, participatory and inclusive service landscapes and management processes are considered preconditions for all the above-mentioned domains of resilience, largely defining the long-term impact and overall success of resilience actions.