Book excerpt: This guidance note describes a series of general steps to establish an effective and robust system to monitor the sustainability of the bioeconomy in a given country or macro-region. This note builds on lessons learned from existing experiences of national and macro-regional bioeconomy monitoring systems. It was jointly developed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the European Commission’s Joint Research Centre (JRC), under the mandate of the International Bioeconomy Forum.