Book excerpt: The book discusses the impact of machine learning and computational intelligent algorithms on medical image data processing, and introduces the latest trends in machine learning technologies and computational intelligence for intelligent medical image analysis. The topics covered include automated region of interest detection of magnetic resonance images based on center of gravity; brain tumor detection through low-level features detection; automatic MRI image segmentation for brain tumor detection using the multi-level sigmoid activation function; and computer-aided detection of mammographic lesions using convolutional neural networks.