Book excerpt: The intention of this case study is to learn from the institutional and programmatic processes that have sustained the transformation of Ireland’s food system so that other countries might be inspired by ideas and practices that could be potentially adapted to their own journey towards a sustainable food system. The country’s trajectory from small-scale farming focused on commodity exports with little value addition, to gradual integration into high-value international supply chains, alongside its current ambition to contribute to solving world hunger, reflect the profound shifts that have taken place within and around the boundaries of Ireland’s food system. Ireland’s transformation demonstrates the complexity of multiple drivers (policies, investments, market trends and disruptions) simultaneously at play as food systems evolve. At present, the top challenges in agri-food concern the environment, human health and nutrition.