Book excerpt: Historically the management of public lands from a multiple use perspective has led to a system that emphasizes those habitat components or faunal elements that primarily resulted in some sort of definable economic value. While this often benefitted other species that were not even considered in the original prescriptions, it also negatively impacted others. We no longer can afford to take this simplistic view of ecosystem management. We need to use a more holistic approach where ecological landscapes are considered as units, and land management practices incorporate all elements into an integrated policy. This includes examining the impacts of proposed land uses on amphibian, reptile, and small mammal populations.