Book excerpt: Need for new genes and genetic diversity. Soucers of new gene-pools. Genetics variousness within populations. Gentic conservation versus evaluation and utilization. Procedure in genetic conservation and utilization references. Objectives and requirements of systematic description. Planting and multiplication of ssed stocks. Maintaining the genetic composition of accessions. Plant and grain charactesistics for description. Method of recording plant characters and growth stages. Elimination of duplicate accessions. Culture and identification of genetic testers and wild species references. Objectives and types of systematic evaluation. Size of populations for screening. Methods of systematic evaluation. Field versus laboratory testing. Methodology of evaluation. Distribution of selected material for utilization. Genetic aspects of utilization. Data recording, processing, and retrieval. Long-range conservation. Long-term seed storage. International collaboration in genetic conservation.