Book excerpt: The State Dept. and two components of the Dept. of Homeland Security (DHS), Customs and Border Protection and the Coast Guard, are responsible for preventing illegal immigration at U.S. seaports and identifying individuals who are potential security risks. The International Labor Org. adopted the Seafarers' Identity Documents Convention (ILO 185) to establish an international framework of seafarer identification documents and reduce their vulnerability to fraud. This report examines: (1) measures fed. agencies take to address risks posed by foreign seafarers; (2) the challenges in tracking illegal entries by foreign seafarers and how DHS enforces penalties; and (3) the implementation status of ILO 185. Charts and tables. This is a print on demand report.