Book excerpt: Monatomic Two-Dimensional Layers: Properties, Fabrication and Industrial Applications provides a detailed examination on basic principles and state-of-the-art experimental techniques for monatomic layers on model surfaces, and in operating devices. Both conventional surface science and novel 2D materials science are included. The reader is guided through an introduction to the basic science of the field that is followed by advanced science specific to the system. Characterization techniques, the principles of state-of-the-art instruments for monatomic layers, and topics, including positron diffraction, time-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, surface transport measurements, and operando nanospectroscopy are also covered. Researchers, graduate students and professionals will find this volume invaluable to acquire a deeper knowledge of the basic science, preparation, and experimental characterization techniques for 2D materials. Industrial technicians and operators will find it a useful overview of surface science related methods for fabrication and characterization of 2D materials. - Gives comprehensive access to the properties of 2D materials, selected fabrication methods, and advanced characterization tools - Discusses structure analysis by diffraction methods and 'operando' spectroscopy to provide direct information on device performance for industrial applications - Written by authors who developed the techniques and have conducted extensive research on monatomic layers