Book excerpt: Though traditionally information systems have been centralized, these systems are now distributed over the web. This requires a re-investigation into the way information systems are modeled and designed. Because of this new function, critical problems, including security, never-fail systems, and quality of service have begun to emerge. Novel Approaches to Information Systems Design is an essential publication that explores the most recent, cutting-edge research in information systems and exposes the reader to emerging but relatively mature models and techniques in the area. Highlighting a wide range of topics such as big data, business intelligence, and energy efficiency, this publication is ideally designed for managers, administrators, system developers, information system engineers, researchers, academicians, and graduate-level students seeking coverage on critical components of information systems.