Book excerpt: Operation of Distributed Energy Resources in Smart Distribution Networks defines the barriers and challenges of smart distribution networks, ultimately proposing optimal solutions for addressing them. The book considers their use as an important part of future electrical power systems and their ability to improve the local flexibility and reliability of electrical systems. It carefully defines the concept as a radial network with a cluster of distributed energy generations, various types of loads, and energy storage systems. In addition, the book details how the huge penetration of distributed energy resources and the intermittent nature of renewable generations may cause system problems. Readers will find this to be an important resource that analyzes and introduces the features and problems of smart distribution networks from different aspects. - Integrates different types of elements, including electrical vehicles, demand response programs, and various renewable energy sources in distribution networks - Proposes optimal operational models for the short-term performance and scheduling of a distribution network - Discusses the uncertainties of renewable resources and intermittent load in the decision-making process for distribution networks