Book excerpt: This volume presents data from the OECD's Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2012 survey of scholastic performance. The survey offers a detailed picture of learning among 15-year-old students in mathematics and included an optional computer-based assessment of mathematics and reading involving some 30 countries as well as an optional area of assessment of financial literacy from 19 countries. "PISA 2012" examines how student performance varies by such factors as gender, socioeconomic background, and migration status. It provides insight into the factors that influence the development of knowledge and skills at home and at school, how these interact, and what the implications are for policy development. Finally, it sheds light on those countries that succeed in achieving high performance standards while providing an equitable distribution of learning opportunities.