Book excerpt: Abstract: This reference work aims to promote the biobehavioral focus for indigenous plant research by reviewing multidisciplinary perspectives in the evaluation of plants used in ethnomedicine and diet. Discussions include: biological and cultural parameters to illustrate the dynamics of plant selection and use in a variety of contexts; implications of such behaviors on human health; and highlights special cases of plants which, regardless of their contemporary notoriety, are better understood through objective review of the available data and sensitivity to cultural and ecological dimensions of human-plant interactions.