Book excerpt: The Model Law is a template for domestic procurement legislation. Its main objectives are to enhance efficiency and effectiveness, and to avoid abuse in the procurement process (through promoting competition and participation, integrity, fair and equitable treatment and transparency). It is used by the multilateral development banks as a tool for procurement reform and as part of the country systems approach to procurement. The Model Law contains procedures to implement its objectives, whether procurement is conducted electronically or on paper; and reflects the professionalization of the procurement function (which has characterized recent developments in procurement).