Book excerpt: Preliminary Material -- Hunan: The Region and the Tradition -- Literati Antiforeignism: Hunan and the Riots of 1891 -- Reform and Schism: The Doctrinal Controversy of 1898 -- The Popular Tradition: Origins and Organization of the Ko-Lao Hui -- Literati in Opposition: The Conspiracy of the Independence Society, 1898-1900 -- Foreign Imperialism and the Opening of Hunan, 1898-1907 -- The Response of the Hunanese Elite -- The Onset of Revolution, 1901-1904: The Society for China's Revival -- The Weakness of a Class Movement, 1905-1907: The P'ing-Liu-Li Uprising -- Hunan and the Revolution -- Manifesto of the Uprising of the Chinese National Army -- Manifesto of the Restoration Army Promulgated to All Under Heaven of the Uprising of the New Chinese Empire in the South -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Glossary -- Index -- Harvard East Asian Monographs.