Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2005 in the subject American Studies - Literature, Coastal Georgia Community College, Brunswick, Georgia, USA (Coastal Georgia Community College, Brunswick, Georgia, USA), 6 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: Reader-response criticism is a modern way of analyzing and interpreting literature with emphasis on the reader and not on the author or the text. As defined in The Columbia Dictionary of Modern Literary and Cultural Criticism, reader-response criticism shifts "critical attention from the inherent, objective characteristics of the text to the engagement of the reader with the text and the production of textual meaning by the reader." One of the most influential readerresponse critics, Louise Rosenblatt, informs the reader that previous, historical forms of literary criticism primarily focused either on literature as a reflector of reality or "the relationship between the poet and his work." Rosenblatt explains that critics perceived the reader as a passive recipient, outshone by the author and the text; the reader became invisible. Since the 1960s, as stated in The Columbia Dictionary of Modern Literary and Cultural Criticism, the school of reader-response criticism has formed, and, as Peter Rabinowitz, professor and chair of Competitive Literature at Hamilton College, illustrates, "became recognized as a distinct critical movement [...], when it found a particularly congenial political climate in the growing anti-authoritarianism within the academy." Then, most notably in the United States, the civil rights movement started, leading citizens to plead freedom, individuality, and nonconformity.