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Poland is the only country in which popular protest and mass opposition, epitomized by the Solidarity movement, played a significant role in bringing down the c

Poland is the only country in which popular protest and mass opposition, epitomized by the Solidarity movement, played a significant role in bringing down the c

Twenty years ago, the Berlin Wall fell. In one of modern history’s most miraculous occurrences, communism imploded–and not with a bang, but with a whimper.

A New York Times Book Review Editors’ Choice “Everyone worried about the state of contemporary politics should read this book.” —Anne-Marie Slaughter �

The postcommunist transitions produced two very different types of states. The "contractual" state is associated with the countries of Eastern Europe, which mov