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The synchronized flashing of fireflies at night. The spiraling patterns of an aggregating slime mold. The anastomosing network of army-ant trails. The coordinat

Technological systems become organized by commands from outside, as when human intentions lead to the building of structures or machines. But many nat ural syst

Can physics be an appropriate framework for the understanding of ecological science? Most ecologists would probably agree that there is little relation between

The Self-Organizing Economy In the last few years the concept of self-organizing systems—complex systems in which randomness and chaos seem spontaneously to e

This book integrates the theories of complex self-organizing systems with the rich body of discourse and literature developed in what might be called ‘social