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Spinoza's Theologico-Political Treatise is simultaneously a work of philosophy and a piece of practical politics. It defends religious pluralism, a republican f

At his death, Spinoza left two major works, very different from one another. The first is the Ethics, rigorously set out in geometrical terms, with definitions,

Spinoza's Theological-Political Treatise was published anonymously in 1670 and immediately provoked huge debate. Its main goal was to claim that the freedom of

Baruch Spinoza is one of the most influential and controversial political philosophers of the early modern period. Though best-known for his contributions to me

This groundbreaking account of the concept of a philosophical religion traces its history from antiquity to the Enlightenment.