Book excerpt: The main goal of this book is to describe the synthesis and properties of low and high-molecular compounds on the quantitative level. Special attention was given to composition materials based on polymers and dispersed wood, the mechanism of HCL elimination reactions via a four-centre transition state during PVC thermal destruction, swelling of the filled polymer compositions, structure and properties of combined systems based on butadiene-nitrile and ternary ethylene-propylene elastomers, intensification mass transfer processes in fast liquid-phase chemical reactions, the examples of hetero-nanophase kinetic description of photochemical reactions, the nanometric particle-like local structures and their implications in polymer behaviour, fractal physical chemistry of polymer solutions, modification of polycyanurates by polyethers, polyesters and polyurethanes, hybrid and interpenetrating polymer networks. This collection includes articles devoted to production of polymers, polymeric mixtures, composite and filled polymers, questions of expanding lifetime of polymeric articles, biologically active substances, modification of polymers and polymer-analogous transformations, fractal physical chemistry of polymer solutions, the study of structural transformations in polymers and some other questions. Of special attention are also production of pure substances and protection of the environment.