Book excerpt: Female of the Species is an attempt to use the approach of traditional anthropology in the examination of the position of women at the species level. While Martin and Voorhies recognize that there are fundamental differences between men and women that stem from basic biological differences, they are committed to the proposition that culture rather than biology plays the more critical role in determining those features of behavior which ultimately dichotomize the sexes. Female of the Species takes a step towards quantifying and understanding these cultural differences by looking at the changing roles women have played in society over time.