Book excerpt: In this volume leading scholars assess the contributions of Max Reinhardt, Leopold Jessner and Harley Granville Barker to European theatre. Their work represents the cultural shift from traditional theatre practices of the 19th century to the rise of Modernism and its means of establishing theatre as an art form in its own right. Uncovering the theories and visions of theatre held by Reinhardt, Jessner and Barker, this volume establishes the contribution and importance of these directors in the development of modern theatre and their significance alongside the better-known names of Stanislavski and Brecht.