Book excerpt: The nine essays in this volume probe the historical origins of the white racial attitudes from the time Europeans first set foot in the New World. They show all too clearly that the current crisis between the promise and the reality of American life has roots acknowledged by only a few. Beginning with the Englishman's first contact with native Americans in the early 17th century, these essays explore racial attitudes first toward the Negro and the Indian, then toward the European minorities who flooded the labor market later in the 19th century, the Asian immigrants whose entrance to the United States at the beginning of this century was severely restricted, and finally the plight of Mexican Americans. What emerges is a clear pattern of fear and consequent discrimination whose cumulative effect, as the last chapter points out, is present in the shockwaves of today's racial crisis. The various texts give evidence of longheld racist assumptions, and raises the question whether life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness had been intentionally restricted from the outset.