Book excerpt: How international is international humanitarian law? The Laws of Yesterday's Wars 3: From Highland New Guinea to the Island of Malta, together with its companion volumes, The Laws of Yesterday’s Wars: From Indigenous Australians to the American Civil War (Brill-Nijhoff, 2021) and The Laws of Yesterday's Wars 2: From Ancient India to East Africa (Brill-Nijhoff, 2022), attempts to answer that question. It offers a culture-by-culture account of various unique restrictions placed on warfare over time. Containing essays by a range of laws of war academics and practitioners, it approaches the laws of yesterday’s wars from a wide cross-section of history and culture, seeking to find any common ground and to demonstrate a history of international law outside the usual confines of its ‘development’ by Europeans and its later ‘contributions.’ This volume includes studies on Mongol, Iban and Ottoman rules of war.