Book excerpt: Since its first publication in English in 1985, Mieke Bal's "Narratology" has become a classic introduction to the major elements comprising a comprehensive theory of narrative texts. In this second edition Professor Bal broadens the spectrum of her theoretical model, updating the chapters on literary narrative and adding new examples from outside of the field of literary studies. Some specific additions include discussions on dialogue in narrative, translation as transformation (including intermedia translation), intertextuality, interdiscursivity, and the place of the subject in narratology. Two new chapters, one on visualization and visual narrative with examples from art and film and the other an examination of anthropological views of narrative, lead Bal to conclude with a re-evaluation of narratology in light of its applications outside the realm of the literary.