Book excerpt: In ``The Yang-Mills equations over Riemann surfaces'', Atiyah and Bott studied Yang-Mills functional over a Riemann surface from the point of view of Morse theory. In ``Yang-Mills Connections on Nonorientable Surfaces'', the authors study Yang-Mills functional on the space of connections on a principal $G_{\mathbb{R}}$-bundle over a closed, connected, nonorientable surface, where $G_{\mathbb{R}}$ is any compact connected Lie group. In this monograph, the authors generalize the discussion in ``The Yang-Mills equations over Riemann surfaces'' and ``Yang-Mills Connections on Nonorientable Surfaces''. They obtain explicit descriptions of equivariant Morse stratification of Yang-Mills functional on orientable and nonorientable surfaces for non-unitary classical groups $SO(n)$ and $Sp(n)$.