Book excerpt: Alcohol use is a leading cause of preventable death and disability worldwide. It is one of the world’s largest risk factors for death and disability. Alcohol taxes, like all health taxes, are considered to be a ‘triple-win’ for governments in that they can lead to improved population health, increased government revenues, and a reduction in health inequality. This document supports policymakers and other stakeholders to implement alcohol taxes more effectively, with a focus on the political economy of alcohol taxation and on how policy processes are shaped at a national level.