Book excerpt: Taking an interdisciplinary approach, this new book considers state-of-the-art developments and research in polymer science, such as advanced polymers, composites and nanocomposites, and the role of polymers in the progress of green chemistry and medicine. Polymers are studied in fields as diverse as polymer science (polymer chemistry and polymer physics), biophysics, biochemistry, and more generally in materials science and engineering. Polymer matrix composites (PMCs) and nanocomposites (PMNCs) are widely used in hightech material structures such as in the automotive, marine, and aerospace industries. Their impact on the physical and mechanical performance is mainly due to their reinforcing agents, fibers (glass, carbon, aramid) or nanofibers (MMT, CNTs, graphene, etc) but also due to a perfect mastery of the matrix/reinforcement interface.