Book excerpt: America, 1840-1895: Expansion and Consolidation, is a period study that investigates two aspects of the history of the United States in the second half of the nineteenth century. 'Expansion' explores the move westwards by settlers and pioneers, and the ensuing conflicts with Native American peoples. 'Consolidation' refers to the forging of the United States as a nation, through its political and economic growth. You will study a range of significant events, people and situations, which shaped the United States throughout this period.